Friedrich von Schiller

*10.11.1759 in Marbach, +09.05.1805 in Weimar Friedrich Schiller studierte auf der Hohen Karlsschule in Stuttgart Recht und Medizin. Die drakonische Erziehung an dieser Schule hat seinen legendären Freiheitsdrang wesentlich geprägt. Das erste Drama Schillers, „Die Räuber“ (1781), ist die künstlerische Ernte seiner jugendlichen Abrechnung mit der herzoglichen Willkür. Weitere dramatische Werke im Geist der Sturm-und-Drang-Bewegung flossen aus Schillers Feder in den Jahren 1783 – 1784: „Die Verschwörung des Fiesco zu Genua“ und „Kabale und Liebe“. Seine Dramen „Don Carlos“, „Wallenstein“, „Maria Stuart“, „Die Jungfrau von Orleans“, „Die Braut von Messina“ und „Wilhelm Tell“ trugen wesentlich zum Erfolg der deutschen Klassik bei. Von Schillers lyrischen Werken sind besonders die Balladen (zumindest die Titel) für viele Menschen heute noch ein Begriff: „Der Taucher“, „Der Ring des Polykrates“, „Die Kraniche des Ibykus“, „Die Bürgschaft“. Auch als Historiker hat Schiller sich versucht....

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Friedrich Holderlin

Poeta, novelista y dramaturgo alemán nacido en Lauffen am Neckar, Württemberg, en 1770. Al terminar estudios primarios en Denkendorf ingresó a la Universidad de Tübingen donde obtuvo el Master en Teología. En 1793 publicó sus primeros poemas con la ayuda de Friedrich von Schiller quien además fue su amigo y protector. Fue traductor de Sófocles y Píndaro y autor de una valiosa obra poética y dramática que lo convirtió en el más grande representante del romanticismo alemán. Después de sostener un romance con la esposa de un rico banquero, Susette Gontard, inspiradora de sus \"Poemas a Diotima\", se radicó en Hamburgo donde produjo una parte importante de su obra, de la que se destaca su novela \"Hyperión\" y la colección de poemas \"La esperanza\". A partir de 1802, aquejado por los primeros síntomas de una grave esquizofrenia, regresó a Tübingen y vivió hasta su muerte protegido en la casa de un carpintero. Falleció en junio de 1843.

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Novalis

Novalis (pe numele adevărat Friedrich Leopold von Hardenberg) (n. 2 mai 1772 - d. 25 martie 1801) a fost unul dintre cei mai mari poeți și prozatori germani, considerat cel mai de seamă reprezentant al Cercului romanticilor de la Jena. Influențat de Fichte, căruia i-a fost discipol, cultivă idealismul magic și extazul mistic. Friedrich von Hardenberg s-a născut într-o familie de nobili pe o moșie situată în Munții Harz (Saxonia), unde și-a petrecut copilăria. La început a studiat acasă sub îndrumarea lui Christian Daniel Erhard Schmid (1762-1812), apoi a urmat gimnaziul luteran din Eisleben, unde studiază retorica și literatura antică. În iunie 1794, își încheie studiile juridice, începute la Jena în 1790 și continuate la Leipzig și Wittenberg. În perioada studiilor superioare, audiază cursurile de istorie ale lui Friedrich Schiller, cu care ulterior stabilește relații strânse, întâlnește pe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Johann Gottfried von Herder, Jean Paul, Ludwig Tieck, Friedrich...

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Karl May

Carl Friedrich May, das fünfte von 14 Kindern einer armen Weberfamilie aus dem sächsischen Städtchen Hohenstein- Ernstthal, kam schon früh mit dem Gesetz in Konflikt. Kaum siebzehnjährig, wurde er beim Klauen erwischt – er wollte seinen Eltern mit „6 ganze Lichte“ eine Weihnachtsfreude bereiten -, was ihm zwar einen Schulverweis einbrachte, aber seine Lehrerausbildung in Plauen trotzdem noch ermöglichte. Als Lehrer in Altchemnitz (1862) kann er seine langen Finger wieder nicht im Zaum halten und wird am 2. Weihnachtstag verhaftet, um für sechs Wochen im Gefängnis zu landen. Die Lehramtsbefähigung war natürlich auch weg. Wegen diversen Gaunereien sitzt Karl May vom Juni 1865 bis zum November 1868 in einem Zwickauer Gefängnis und als Strafe für Hochstaplerei ist er vom 3. Mai 1870 bis zum 2. Mai 1874 im Zuchthaus Waldheim der Sträfling mit der Nummer 402. Karl May ist wahrscheinlich der erfolgreichste Abenteuererzähler aller Zeiten. Die deutsche Auflage seiner Romane hat längst die...

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Wilhelm Hauff

Wilhelm Hauff (November 29, 1802 – November 18, 1827) was a German poet and novelist. Wilhelm Hauff was born in Stuttgart, the son of August Friedrich Hauff, a secretary in the ministry of foreign affairs, and Hedwig Wilhelmine Elsaesser Hauff. He was the second of four children. Young Hauff lost his father when he was seven years old, and his early education was practically self-gained in the library of his maternal grandfather at Tübingen, where his mother had moved after the death of her husband. In 1818 he was sent to the Klosterschule at Blaubeuren, and in 1820 began to study at the University of Tübingen. In four years he completed his philosophical and theological studies at the Tübinger Stift. On leaving the university, Hauff became tutor to the children of the famous Württemberg minister of war, General Baron Ernst Eugen von Hugel (1774-1849), and for them wrote his Märchen (fairy tales), which he published in his Märchen almanach auf das Jahr 1826 (Fairytale Almanac of...

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Friedrich Nietzsche

FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE 15 Octombrie 1844 – se naste la Rocken, Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, din parinti care proveneau din familii preotesti protestante 1854 – elev in clasa a cincea a gimnaziului confesional, are primele incercari muzicale si poetice 1860 – intemeiaza asociatia literara Germania in cadrul careia prezinta studiile Fatalitate si vointa si Libertatea vointei si fatalitatea, studii care anunta tendinta antimetafizica a gandirii sale de mai tarziu. 1864 – se inscrie la Universitatea din Bonn, pentru a studia teologia si filologia clasica 1866 – devine membru fondator al Uniunii Filologice 1889 – are accese de nebunie si este internat in clinica de boli nervoase din Basel 25 August 1900 – moare, la Weimar Publicatii: 1871 – Socrate si tragedia greaca 1872 – Nasterea tragediei din spiritul muzicii 1878-1880 – Omenesc, prea omenesc 1883-1885 – Asa grait-a Zarathustra 1886 - Dincolo de bine si rau. Preludiul unei filozofii a viitorului 1887 - Despre genealogia moralei. O scriere...

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Friedrich Dürrenmatt

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Friedrich Dürrenmatt

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HÖLDERLIN, Friedrich

Johann Christian Friedrich Hölderlin (20 March 1770 – 6 June 1843) was a major German lyric poet. His work bridges the Classical and Romantic schools. Having spent most of his life tormented by mental illness, he suffered great loneliness, and often spent his time playing the piano, drawing, reading, writing, and enjoyed travelling when he had the chance. The poetry of Hölderlin, widely recognized today as one of the highest points of German literature, was little known or understood during his lifetime and slipped into obscurity shortly after his death; his illness and reclusion made him fade from his contemporaries' consciousness – and, even though selections of his work were being published by his friends already during his lifetime, it was largely ignored for the rest of the 19th century. In fact, Hölderlin was a man of his time, an early supporter of the French Revolution – in his youth at the Seminary of Tübingen, he and some colleagues from a "republican club" planted a "Tree...

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Eduard Mörike

Eduard Friedrich Mörike (Ludwigsburg, 8 September 1804 – 4 June 1875 in Stuttgart) was a German romantic poet. He studied Theology at the Seminary of Tübingen, and followed the ecclesiastical career, becoming a Lutheran pastor. In 1834 he was appointed pastor of Cleversulzbach near Weinsberg, and, after his early retirement for reasons of health, in 1851 became professor of German literature at the Katharinenstift in Stuttgart. This office he held until his retirement in 1866; but he continued to live at Stuttgart until his death on the 4th of June 1875. Mörike is a member of the so-called Swabian school which gathered round Ludwig Uhland. His poems, Gedichte (1838; 22nd ed., 1905), are mostly lyrics, often humorous, but expressed in simple and natural language. His lieder (songs) are traditional in form and have been compared to those of Goethe. He also wrote a somewhat fantastic Idylle vom Bodensee, oder Fischer Martin und die Glockendiebe (1846; 2nd ed., 1856), and published a...

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